Expansion of agriculture in Europe and the Middle East (2023)

This map, published by Detlef Gronenborn and Barbara Horejs in 2023, shows the expansion of agriculture in Europe and the Middle East between 9600 BC and 3900 BC.

The authors use different colours to highlight the periods when agriculture reached different regions:

• Red (9600 BC – 8200 BC): Eastern Mediterranean, Mesopotamia and Anatolia.
• Orange (7300 BC – 5700 BC): Asia Minor, the Balkans, the Caucasus and Iran.
• Blue (6000 BC – 5000 BC): Adriatic coast, Italy, southern France, Iberian Peninsula and North Africa.
• Green (5400 BC – 5000 BC): Central Europe, Germany, and northern France.
• Yellow (4200 BC – 3900 BC): Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands and the British Isles.

Sources

• Map: Expansion of farming in western Eurasia, 9600 – 4000 BCE