This map represents the second most widely spoken mother tongue in Europe (although referred to as minority on the map) according to sources as diverse as the CIA World Factbook, Ethnologue y BBC Languages. The map shows the different language families grouped by colour:
- Blue: Indo-European languages, such as Germanic languages (German, English, etc.) or Italic languages (French, Spanish, etc.)
- Green: Uralic languages, such as Finnish or Hungarian.
- Red: Turkic languages, such as Turkish or Tatar.
- Yellow: Northwest Caucasian languages, one of the language families with the fewest speakers in the world, all concentrated in the Caucasus, such as Lezgi.
There are controversial cases, such as whether Sicilian should be considered a language. Several linguists consider it a language, given its marked evolution from Italian and its own literature. In part, this debate is similar to the one that continues to rage over Asturian in Spain.
Turkish appears as the second most widely spoken native language in Austria, which is reflected in the number of Austrians born to Turkish immigrants. By the same logic, one might expect Arabic to be the second most widely spoken native language in France instead of German. It is possible that the reason for this is because the data used is the latest official data available for France in 2013 (from the 1999 census), when the German dialect spoken in eastern France accounted for 21% of the population, while Maghrebi Arabic was slightly below that.
Sources
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English (UK)