This detailed map, created in 2024 by Gustav Ståhlberg, shows the political situation in Europe in 1848.
By the mid-19th century, industrialisation in Europe had brought about significant social and economic changes, such as the urbanisation of states and the rise of the working class, with harsh working conditions. This situation was key to the revolutionary movements that broke out across much of the continent in 1848, most of which failed.
It was also during this period that the first seeds of the national struggle to unify Germany and Italy were sown, which would take place in the following decades.
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