This detailed map, created in 2024 by Gustav Ståhlberg, shows the political situation in Europe in 1799.
Ten years earlier, in 1789, the French Revolution had taken place, bringing an end to the monarchy in France. As a result, France was plunged into many years of revolutionary movements that ended with Napoleon coming to power. In 1799, the Second Coalition was formed, uniting Austria, Russia and Great Britain against French forces.
The map shows the Holy Roman Empire, marked with a red line, which at that time was under the rule of Emperor Leopold II.


