{"id":3784,"date":"2024-08-20T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-20T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mapasmilhaud.com\/?p=3784"},"modified":"2026-01-02T16:44:55","modified_gmt":"2026-01-02T15:44:55","slug":"reversed-america-1943","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mapasmilhaud.com\/en\/mapas-propagandisticos\/america-invertida-1943\/","title":{"rendered":"Inverted America (1943)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Inverted<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This drawing was created by Uruguayan artist Joaqu\u00edn Torres Garc\u00eda in 1943. It is currently housed in the Juan Manuel Blanes Museum in Montevideo, Uruguay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The image depicts South America, but with the south facing upwards, unlike the usual way of representing the continent. It is a work with a strong protest context that seeks to counter the cartographic vision and norms of Europe and the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The author also published a manifesto entitled The School of the South<\/em>, in which he argues that for South Americans, the obvious point of reference should be the south, as this is indicated by the fact that most of South America is located in the southern hemisphere. According to art critics, this manifesto and map are heavily influenced by Native American traditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This map is a precursor to other later works, such as McArthur's corrective map<\/a>, published in Australia in 1979.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you would like to learn more about the history of map orientation, I wrote about the reason why here.\u00a0the north is at the top<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sources<\/h3>\n\n\n\n