This map, published by The seventeenth in 2019, depicts the political situation on the Italian peninsula in 1154, the date of the death of Roger II of Sicily, the king who unified the Norman territories and consolidated their power in the south of the peninsula.

In different colours, the author shows which were the main powers on the peninsula at that time, including:

• Lombardy (orange)
• Mark of Verona and Aquileia (light green)
• Republic of Venice (red)
• Papal State, including Romagna and Pentapolis (white)
• Tuscany brand (purple)
• Duchy of Spoleto (turquoise)
• Norman Kingdom (purple border)
• Muslim holdings (brown)

The map also includes details of the Norman Kingdom's conquests in the south, with different dates indicating the time of conquest: from the first settlement at Aversa in 1030 to the capture of Noto in Sicily in 1091.

Sources

• Medieval Italy to 1154